Caissons and method of joining them.



J. W. DUTY.

GAISSONS AND METHOD OF JOININQ THEM.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 22, 1913.

1,068,228, Patented July 22, 1913.

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wmvsss g 'INVENTOR A TTORNE Y coLummA l-MNouliAPn 00., WASHINGTON, n. c.

J. W. DUTY cussous AND METHOD OF JOINING THEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAB..22, 1913.

1,068,228. Patented July 22,1913.

I 3 SHEETS-$111131 2.

INI/ENTOR WITNESSES ATTORNEY COLUMBIA PLANOCIRAPH IO-,WASHING'ION, n. c

J. W. DOTY.

' GAISSONS AND METHOD OF JOINING THEM.

APPLIOATION FILED mums, 1913.

1 ,O68,228. Patented July 22, 1913.

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INYENTOR W/ag/ ATTORNEY JOHN W. DUTY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TOTHE FOUNDATION COMPANY, A CORPORATIQN OF NEW YORK.

GAISSONS AND METHQD OF JOINING}- THEM.

Z '0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN D01, a citizen of the United States, residingin the borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Caissons and Metln ods ofJoining Them, of which the following is a specification.

This invent-ion ain'isto provide certain ll11 provelnents in the sinkingoi caissons or piers for building foundations and the like, which piersare sunk alongside of each other and then connected together so as toform a continuous structure which will prevent the passage of water andearth between the piers when an excavation is made at one side of thesame. The two piers are sunk with a slight space between them afterwhich vertical dia ihragnis are provided inclosing at least a portion ofsaid space. The inclosed portion of the space is then excavated and isfilled with concrete which is keyed into the joint faces of the piers.The vertical diaphragnis are also preferably keyed into the piers. Forforming the diapl'iragins at least one, and preferably both of thepiers, is sunk with closed vertical grooves in their oint faces andafter sinking this groove is gradually opened from the bottom upwardwhile concrete or other plastic 1na terial is simultaneously :torceddown through the grooves and across the space between the piers. Thisoperation being gradually continned from the bottom upward completes thediaphragm to the height desired; and such a diaphragm alone may be usedin some cases as the entire means for preventing the passage of water orearth between the piers.

The accompanying drawings illustrate an embodiment oi. the invention.

Figure 1 :is a horizontal section of the adjacent portion of two piers;Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the plane 22 of Fig. 1; Fig. is avertical section on the plane of 3 3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 41- is a sectionsimilar to 3 after the work of constructing the diaphragm has beencommenced; Fig. 5 is a section similar to l 1 after the eon'iple- 'tionof the joint; Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line 6--6 of Fig. 2after the completion of the joint.

In the construction illustrated the caisson Specification of LettersPatent.

Application filed March 22, 1913.

Patented J'u 1y 22, 1913.

Serial No. 756,264..

is formed of concrete so that it constitutes in fact the thick shell ofthe pier itself. Two such piers A are illustrated with their adjacentjoint faces slightly separated from each other to pro vide a space l3across which the joint is to be made. Near each of the edges of thejoint face the pier is formed with a vertical groove C which is closedby means of a built-up channel composed of a plate D and angles E. Thegroove is formed of vertical. timbers F and G on opposite sides and H atthe back all fastened by bolts to angles J extending from front to rearof the pier and located at suitable intervals to hold the timbers. Thegrooves C extend clear to the cutting edge K, being" tapered at thelower end shown in Fig. 3, and the plate 1) being extended downward soas to overlap a part of the cutting edge. The angles J are braced. attheir ends by means of triangular braces L, the members J and L be ingboth embedded in the concrete.

The built-up channel by which the grooves are closed his in the groovesso loosely as to permit its withdrawal. but not to permit the entry ofearth into the grooves.

After sinking the piers to bed rock or other suitable substratum theywill appear as in Fig. l with their grooves C opposite each other.Although the piers are not sunk perfectly straight, and the oppositegrooves G will not always register exactly as shown, yet they are madeof substantial width and they will. always register sutliciently closelyfor the contemplated method of o ieration. Concrete is deposited in thegrooves U through their upper ends. 0r in some cases packed clay may beused for the same purpose. H is then rammed and simultaneously theplates l) and angles E are gradually liti'ted as indicated in Fig. l.The concrete lvl. under pressure displaces the material between. the twoopposiing grooves and forms a bond or vertical diaphragm i l between thetwo caissons. This is continued to the top, or to as high a point asdesired -for the diaphragm. The diaphragm will be keyed into theopposite piers as indicated in 5 and 6. Two of these diapln'agins N are'jJl'CIFOl'RlDlY termed, as indicated in Fig. 5. The iiortion ot thespace between the piers A which is bounded by these diaphragms isentirely inclosed and may be excavated from the top either by putting anair lock where the circumstances require it or without such an air lock.Upon remo-val of the earth from this portion of the joint the earth isreplaced with a body of concrete 0. This with the diaphragms N forms abody of concrete extending nearly from edge to edge of the piers andpractically filling the space between them.

The body of concrete 0 is also preferably keyed into the faces of theopposite piers as indicated in Fig. 5. This is accomplished by formingwide vertical grooves P (Figs. 1 and 2) in which is a boxing of timberfastened at intervals to the transverse angles J and serving to preventthe entry of earth into the groove during the sinking operation (whichentry of earth would be attended with danger to any nearby buildingssupported on shallow foundations). After sinking the pier the closingplate Q and its stiffening rib R and the transverse members S, which arearranged at intervals in the grooves, are removed so that the body 0 ofconcrete shall enter the grooves and make a good joint between thepiers. The large groove P extends downward only to a point above thelevel of the roof T of the working chamber of the caisson, because atthis point the wall of the caisson or pier A is made thinner and itwould not be practlcal to form a very deep groove in the outer face ofsuch Wall. Below the bottom of the groove P, however, there may beformed in the outer face of the working chamber shallow small grooves U(Figs. 2 and 6) which during the sinking operation may be filled withclay or may even be left open, being of such slight area as not toprovide very much space for the earth to fall into. After the diaphragmsN are formed the central excavation will not only involve the removal ofthe outer closing members Q, R- and S of the larger grooves P, but willinvolve also the excavation of the clay or earth from the smallergrooves U so that the body O of concrete will extend into these smallergrooves clear down to the cutting edge.

Though I have described with great particularity of detail certainspecific processes and constructions embodying the invention yet it mustnot be understood therefrom that the invention is restricted to theparticular methods and constructions described. Various modifications inthe steps of the process and in the details and arrangements of theconstruction described may be made by those skilled in the art withoutdeparture from the invention.

hat I claim is l. The method of making a oint between piers whichconsists in sinking the two piers with a slight space between them,forming vertical diaphragms inclosing a portion of said space,excavating such inclosed portion and filling the excavated space withconcrete.

2. The method of making a joint between piers which consists in sinkingthe two piers with a slight space between them, forming verticaldiaphragms inclosing a portion of said space, excavating such inclosedportion and filling the excavated space with concrete and keying thesame into said piers.

3. The method of making a joint between piers which consists in sinkingthe two piers with a slight space between them, forming verticaldiaphragms keyed into said piers and inclosing a portion of said space,excavating such inclosed portion and filling the excavated space withconcrete.

l. The method of making a joint between piers which consists in sinkingthe two piers wit-h a slight space between them, forming verticaldiaphragms keyed into said piers and inclosing a portion of said space,excavating such inclosed portion and filling the excavated space withconcrete and keying the same into said piers.

5. The method of making a joint between piers which consists in sinkingthe two piers with a slight space between them and with a closedvertical groove in the joint face of at least one of said piers andextending clear to the top thereof, and subsequently opening said grooveand forming a structure across such space and keyed into said groove.

6. The method of making a oint between piers which consists in sinkingthe two piers with a slight space between them, at least one of saidpiers having a closed vertical groove in its joint face, opening saidgroove gradually from the bottom upward and simultaneously forcingplastic material down through said groove and across said space to forma vertical diaphragm.

7. In the making of a joint between piers the method which consists inproviding uncovered grooves in the side walls of the working chamber ofsuch piers, sinking two piers with such grooves in their adjacent sidefaces, excavating the space between said adjacent faces and removing anyclay or earth in said grooves, and filling the excavated space and saidgrooves with concrete.

8. A joint caisson formed with a vertical groove in its joint face,means for closing said groove during sinking, said means being removableafter sinking to open the groove.

9. A joint caisson formed with a vertical groove in its joint face,means for closing said groove during sinking, said means being adaptedto be removed gradually from the bottom upward after sinking to open thegroove and permit the forming of a diasigned my name in the presence oftwo subphragnl across the space between sold czusscrlblng wltnesscs.

son and the adjacent one. JOHN DUTY 10. A joint caisson formed with anopen, groove in the joint face of the working Witnesses: chamber. L'ULUSTUBENVOLL,

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto I). ANTHONY USIINA.

Gopzles 0! this patent may be obtained for five cents each, byaddressing the Commissioner of Patcntz. Washington, I). G.

